Cut the cauliflower into bite-size florets and the potatoes into small cubes. Rinse both well under running water and set aside.
Heat 1 tablespoon oil in a wide pan over medium heat. Once hot, add the cinnamon stick, cardamom pods, cloves, and cumin seeds. Stir for 2 to 3 minutes until fragrant.
Add the chopped onions and green chilies. Cook, stirring often, until the onions turn golden brown.
Stir in the ginger and garlic paste and saute for about 1 minute until aromatic. Add black pepper, cumin powder, turmeric powder, paprika, salt, and garam masala. Saute the spices for 2 to 3 minutes to bloom the flavors.
Add the peas, potatoes, and cauliflower. Mix well, then pour in ½ cup water. Cover and cook on low heat for 8 to 9 minutes until the vegetables become tender.
Add the chopped tomatoes and stir everything together.
Once fully cooked, increase the heat and roast for 1 to 2 minutes, stirring gently, to enhance the flavor and remove excess moisture.
Garnish with chopped cilantro (or fresh basil as a substitute) and turn off the heat. Serve hot with rice, flatbread, or crispy fried bread.